SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Few physical exercise programs for children with limb loss have been described in detail recently. We provided information regarding the characteristics and effectiveness of an alternative rehabilitation exercise developed for children with lower-limb amputation. METHODS: An 8-year-old boy with a below-knee amputation and a 9-year-old bilateral amputee girl performed an exercise program of one 2-h session per week for 20 weeks, aimed at developing muscular strength and coordination. Walking ability and walking speed were assessed by using the L-test of functional mobility and 10-m walk test, respectively. Mechanical and neuromuscular muscle function was assessed by using tensiomyography. RESULTS: In case 1, a decrement of 9.5% and 10.5% was found in the L-test (42 s vs. 38 s) and in the 10-m test (19 s vs. 17 s) scores, respectively. In case 2, walking ability remained unchanged (L-test score: 38 s), while a 5.2% reduction in walking speed was observed (10-m test score: 19 s vs. 18 s). No relevant changes were observed in the muscular tone in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners should be aware that, contrary to what could be expected, a multidisciplinary training program held once per week for 5 months had a minimal impact on the gait pattern and neuromuscular function of two children with lower-limb amputation.

Introduction. This paper describes and evaluates the implementation of a flipped learning model in the discipline of histology for learning tissue engineering contents in the Pharmacy degree, with the aim of incorporating this knowledge for the scarce presence of such matter in that degree. Subjects and methods. The model consists of inserting in the ordinary course of Histology of the pharmacy degree an inverse self-learning module. A questionnaire on conceptual, procedural and attitudinal fields was answered by the 110 students involved in the study at the beginning and end of the process. Results were statistically analysed. Results. The results after the implementation of the flipped learning model show statistically significant higher values (p < 0.05) in the final evaluation both in female and male and in all the students with decreasing values from those reached for the attitudinal component to those reached by the conceptual component. In the procedural component, intermediate values are obtained. Conclusion. The highest values observed in the attitudinal and procedural components, after the implementation of the proposed model, highlight the need to increase the conceptual component in the formation of tissue engineering in the pharmacy curriculum.

Introducción. El presente trabajo describe y evalúa la implementación de un modelo de aula invertida en la materia de Histología para el aprendizaje de ingeniería tisular en el grado de Farmacia con el objetivo de incorporar dichos conocimientos ante su escasa presencia en dicho grado. Sujetos y métodos. El modelo consiste en intercalar en el curso ordinario de Histología del grado de Farmacia un módulo de autoaprendizaje inverso. Participan 110 alumnos que responden a un cuestionario sobre ámbitos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales al comienzo y al final del proceso. Los resultados se analizan estadísticamente. Resultados. Los resultados muestran valores superiores en la evaluación final con respecto a la evaluación inicial. Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) tanto en mujeres y hombres como en el total de estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos fueron decrecientes desde el componente actitudinal hasta el componente conceptual. En el componente procedimental, se obtienen valores intermedios. Conclusión. Los valores más elevados observados en los componentes actitudinal y procedimental, tras la implementación del modelo propuesto, ponen de relieve la necesidad de incrementar el componente conceptual en la formación de la ingeniería tisular en el currículo de farmacia.

The aim is to identify the technical actions of the karatekas that achieve to mark in competition and explore if the technical behaviour can discriminate between different competitive levels. It has registered the technical behaviour of 35 karatekas, modality of kumite feminine, in a total of 40 fights (18 of national regional/level and 22 of international level). It has used an observational design situated in the chamber of quadrant of nomothetical character and of multidimensional follow-up. The register has made with the program Lince and a tool of observation "Ad hoc" formed by a mixed system of formats of field and a system of categories designated FCSCSHIAIKUMITE. It has used the proof of Chi-square (p< 0,05) and it has made an analysis of polar coordinates, choosing like focal behaviours those relative to the punctuation and like behaviours conditioned all those relative to the other criteria. The results show that only the criterion punctuation discriminates between both levels of performance, adding 152 points in international level in front of 78 in national level (p= 0,002). The Yuko is the form to obtain point more frequented in both levels (76,4% vs 86,8%), nevertheless, the Ippon is efficient and frequented to international level (21,7%), and only represents 4,4% in fights of national level. In conclusion, there are two appearances that could be of special attention, the improvement of the technical actions of point more usual and of the defensive actions to these technicians, as well as the efficiency to obtain more punctuation when using them.

O objectivo é identificar as acções técnicas das karatekas que conseguem puntuar em competição e explorar se o comportamento técnico pode discriminar entre diferentes níveis competitivos. Registou-se o comportamento técnico de 35 karatekas, modalidade de kumite feminino, num total de 40 combates (18 de nível regional/nacional e 22 de nível internacional). Utilizou-se um desenho observacional situado no quarto de quadrante de carácter nomotético e de rastreamento multidimensional. O registro realizou-se com o programa Lince e uma ferramenta de observação "ad hoc" formada por um sistema misto de formatos de campo e um sistema de categorias denominado FCSCSHIAIKUMITE. Utilizou-se a prova de Chi-quadrado (p=0,05) e realizou-se uma análise de coordenadas polares, escolhendo como condutas focais aquelas relativas à pontuação e como condutas condicionadas todas aquelas relativas aos demais critérios. Os resultados mostram que só o critério pontuação discrimina entre ambos níveis de rendimento, somando 152 pontos em nível internacional em frente a 78 em nível nacional (p= 0,002). O Yuko é a forma de obter ponto mais frequentada em ambos níveis (76,4% vs 86,8%), não obstante, o Ippon é eficiente e frequentado a nível internacional (21,7%), e só representa um 4,4% em combates de nível nacional. Em conclusão, há dois aspectos que poderiam ser de especial atenção, o aperfeiçoamento das acções técnicas de ponto mais habituais e das acções defensivas a essas técnicas, bem como a eficácia para obter mais pontuação ao as utilizar.

El objetivo es identificar las acciones técnicas de las karatekas que consiguen puntuar en competición y explorar si el comportamiento técnico puede discriminar entre diferentes niveles competitivos. Se ha registrado el comportamiento técnico de 35 karatekas, modalidad de kumite femenino, en un total de 40 combates (18 de nivel regional/nacional y 22 de nivel internacional). Se ha utilizado un diseño observacional situado en el cuarto de cuadrante de carácter nomotético y de seguimiento multidimensional. El registro se ha realizado con el programa Lince y una herramienta de observación "ad hoc" formada por un sistema mixto de formatos de campo y un sistema de categorías denominado FCSCSHIAIKUMITE. Se ha utilizado la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (p< 0,05) y se ha realizado un análisis de coordenadas polares, escogiendo como conductas focales aquellas relativas a la puntuación y como conductas condicionadas todas aquellas relativas a los demás criterios. Los resultados muestran que solo el criterio puntuación discrimina entre ambos niveles de rendimiento, sumando 152 puntos en nivel internacional frente a 78 en nivel nacional (p= 0,002). El Yuko es la forma de obtener punto más frecuentada en ambos niveles (76,4% vs 86,8%), no obstante, el Ippon es eficiente y frecuentado a nivel internacional (21,7%), y solo representa un 4,4% en combates de nivel nacional. En conclusión, hay dos aspectos que podrían ser de especial atención, el perfeccionamiento de las acciones técnicas de punto más habituales y de las acciones defensivas a esas técnicas, así como la eficacia para obtener más puntuación al utilizarlas.